Which of the following is NOT a method used to measure human exposure in quantitative risk assessments?

In quantitative risk assessments, the measurement of human exposure is essential for evaluating potential health risks associated with various environmental factors, pollutants, or substances. The primary methods traditionally utilized include field studies, surveys, and laboratory analyses, each serving a distinct purpose in assessing exposure levels and patterns.

Field studies involve direct observation and measurement of exposures in real-world scenarios, providing valuable data on how individuals interact with their environments. Surveys gather self-reported information from individuals, offering insights into behaviors, locations, and activities that may contribute to exposure. Laboratory analyses typically involve controlled experiments to quantify exposure under specific conditions.

Computer models, while useful in simulating exposure scenarios and predicting potential outcomes based on various parameters, are not direct measurement methods. Instead, they rely on existing data and theoretical frameworks to estimate exposure levels rather than measuring them through empirical methods. This distinction highlights that computer models serve more as analytical tools than as direct measurement techniques, making them different from the other methods listed.