When mixing acid and water, what is the recommended procedure?

The recommended procedure for mixing acid and water is to add acid to the water. This approach is critical for safety reasons. When concentrated acid is poured into water, the water acts as a heat sink, absorbing the heat that is released during the mixing process. This prevents the mixture from heating up too quickly, which could lead to splattering and potential injury.

If water is added to acid instead, the reaction can be exothermic, causing the mixture to heat rapidly and possibly lead to violent reactions or splashing of the acid, putting the handler at risk of burns and other injuries. It's also important to remember that the viscosity and density of the solutions play a role in how they interact, further emphasizing the need to follow the correct procedure.

Understanding and following this safety guideline is essential for anyone working with strong acids in various settings, including laboratories and environmental health contexts. Thus, adding acid to water is the safest and most effective method to achieve proper dilution.