Cross-connection controls include air gaps, backflow preventers, vacuum breakers, and:

Cross-connection controls are essential for preventing contamination of the potable water supply. An important component of these controls is the use of indirect waste piping. This system is designed so that wastewater is routed away from the drinking water supply in a manner that minimizes the risk of backflow or contamination.

Indirect waste piping does not discharge directly into a drain but instead uses methods like air gaps or a series of pipes to ensure that wastewater flows safely, preventing any backflow into potable water sources. The presence of an air gap or other backflow prevention device upstream of the indirect waste system provides an additional safeguard.

In contrast, direct waste piping connects waste directly to drainage systems without these protective measures, which can pose a higher risk for backflow incidents. Similarly, storage tanks and pumped waste systems may play roles in water management, but they do not specifically relate to the strategy of cross-connection controls in the same way that indirect waste piping does.

This understanding of indirect waste piping as a control measure highlights its significance in maintaining the integrity of the water supply, making it the correct choice in this context.